Diabetes

Normal and diabetic patients with different age and gender were selected from human population pertaining to rural background for investigation homocysteine (Hcy) and DNA damage as biomarkers. Normally with age, ESR, glycosylated haemoglobin, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, total proteins,albumin, globulins, creatinine, urea, ALT and AST did increase while PCV, Hb did decrease significantly. Health markers (SOD, GPx, Hcy, sialic acid and hexosamine) did increase significantly. Diabetic patients did show a significant increase in their ESR, glycosylated Hb, glycosylated proteins, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, creatinine, urea, ALT, AST, SOD, GPx, Hcy, K and Fe concentration, however, PCV, Hb, vitamin C, E, A, T3,T4, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn and Se did decrease significantly. DNA damage was negatively correlated with Hb, vitamin C, E, A, T3 and T4. Homocysteine was positively co-related with systolic blood pressure, ESR, glycosylated Hb and proteins, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, albumin, creatinine, urea, ALT, AST, superoxide dismutase, sialic acid, hexosamine, testosterone, sodium, potassium and magnesium.