Phytoremediation

Phytoremediation is one of the cost effective procedures for cleaning or removing pollutants from soil or water matrices. Over the last few decades, thousands of publications about different aspects of phytoremediation were created. This massive amount of data requires systematization, classification and ordering. On the other hand, many aspects of phytoremediation are not elaborated properly. This current book contains classical and specific literature reviews, new approaches in phytoremediation techniques and new areas for the realization of phytoremediation, which is not related with traditional pollutants as heavy metals. The first chapter is a classical review about using high biomass non-hyperaccumulator plant species for remediation of the toxic metal polluted soils. This chapter provides a lot of information to help readers better understand physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects of such regular plant species used to increase phytoremediation efficiency. The second chapter (&quote;Arsenic, the Silent Threat: New Phytoremediation Strategies for Contaminated Soils and Waters&quote;) provides information about one of the most dangerous toxic metalloids, which is known as arsenic. This chapter aims to describe the current state of research and advances of knowledge concerning the phytoremediation of arsenic-polluted areas, focusing on mechanisms of As response in plants and the different strategies to cope with the metalloid, tolerance mechanisms that can be used to modify arsenic uptake, transport or detoxification in order to improve phytoremediation efficiency. The selection of the right and most effective plant for phytoremediation is one of the most important parts of this book. Chanter Three is devoted to reviewing different grasses used for phytoremediation. Remediation techniques for the decontamination of impacted coastal environments have several specific peculiarities, including a high level of salt, which creates difficulties for selecting salt-tolerant plants. Halophytes' plant potential for the decommissioning of toxic metals in polluted estuarine environments is reviewed in Chapter Four. The use of specific technologies that can dramatically increase phytoremediation efficiency are presented in the Chapter Five (the EDTA effect) and in Chapter Six (the effect of soluble Si substances). In Chapter Six, the sheme for Si-assisted phytoremediation procedures has been suggested as well. Fly ash disposition is one of the bigger problems in the world, because heavy metals and metal(loid)s from fly ash deposits leach onto the surrounding environment and can cause environmental risks for soil, air, and water. The detailed review about the role of vascular plants in the phytoremediation of fly ash deposits is presented in the Chapter Seven. Phytoremediation using microalgae has been attracting great interest over recent years. Chapter Eight focuses on the phytoremediation of liquid (urban/industrial wastewaters and digestates) and gaseous (flue gases, biogas and air) effluents via microalgal-bacterial mixed cultures. Salinity today is one of the most serious problems, which is related to human activity and global climate change. The phytoremediation efficiency. The selection of the right and most effective plant for phytoremediation is one of the most important parts of this book. Chanter Three is devoted to reviewing different grasses used for phytoremediation. Remediation techniques for the decontamination of impacted coastal environments have several specific peculiarities, including a high level of salt, which creates difficulties for selecting salt-tolerant plants. Halophytes' plant potential for the decommissioning of toxic metals in polluted estuarine environments is reviewed in Chapter Four. The use of specific technologies that can dramatically increase phytoremediation efficiency are presented in the Chapter Five (the EDTA effect) and in Chapter Six (the effect of soluble Si substances). In Chapter Six, the sheme for Si-assisted phytoremediation procedures has been suggested as well. Fly ash disposition is one of the bigger problems in the world, because heavy metals and metal(loid)s from fly ash deposits leach onto the surrounding environment and can cause environmental risks for soil, air, and water. The detailed review about the role of vascular plants in the phytoremediation of fly ash deposits is presented in the Chapter Seven. Phytoremediation using microalgae has been attracting great interest over recent years. Chapter Eight focuses on the phytoremediation of liquid (urban/industrial wastewaters and digestates) and gaseous (flue gases, biogas and air) effluents via microalgal-bacterial mixed cultures. Salinity today is one of the most serious problems, which is related to human activity and global climate change. The possibility of using specific plants for phytodesalination is described in Chapter Nine. (Nova)